Sunday 20 April 2008

¿O sera mejor aprender Italiano por se más útil hoy en día?

http://latinum.mypodcast.com/ es el único podcast que conozco para aprender latín.

ah! e se você quiser aprender latim

ah! e se você quiser aprender latim mesmo, posso te dar umas dicas ;O). supondo que você saiba inglês, já te deixo uma: um site em que há lições áudio-orais da língua, que acompanham o programa de uma gramática que também se pode baixar gratuitamente, por acaso de um autor chamado Adler (!):

http://latinum.mypodcast.com/

Wednesday 9 April 2008

Latin Grammar Notes

MILLNER LATIN LESSONS
podcast
HIC HAEC HOC HUJUS HUIC HUNC HOC


THE LATIN LANGUAGE LEARNING PODCAST FROM LONDON

latinum

LATINUM, the name of the Latin language learning podcast offered on mypodcast.com . The Free Online Language Course.

Latin Grammar

Over the course of putting my Latinum course together, I noted a few things about textbooks that teach grammar - the material is not usually structured for optimal memorisation. Material is presented in grammatical categories that have been chosen for good philological reasons, not for ease of learning.

For example, playing around with the ordering of the declensions makes for a system that can be learned very quickly indeed:

SINGULARS

CASE
I
II
III
IIII
V
NOMINATIVE
A
US
CLONES TRAX
US
ES
VOCATIVE
A
E
CLONES TRAX
US
ES
ACCUSATIVE
AM
UM
EM
UM
EM
ABLATIVE
A
O
E
U
E
DATIVE
AE
O
I
UI
EI
GENITIVE
AE
I
IS
US
EI


MEMORISE:
AH-AH-UM-A-AE-AE; ( AH AH UM A AE)
US-E-UM-OO-I ( MUSEUM OOEE)
CLONE'S TRAX EM-E-I-IS ( CLONE'S TRAX AMAZE)
US-UM- U- UI- US (USE 'EM YOU USE)
ES-ES-EM-E-EI-E (S & M E HEY!)
Some notes: Just say these one after the other, and then write them down. The words in brackets are rough equivalents that help with memorisation.



PLURALS
CASE
I
II
III
IIII
V
NOMINATIVE
AE
I
ES
US
ES
VOCATIVE
AE
I
ES
US
ES
ACCUSATIVE
AS
OS
ES
US
ES
ABLATIVE
IS
IS
IBUS
IBUS
EBUS
DATIVE
IS
IS
IBUS
IBUS
EBUS
GENITIVE
ARUM
ORUM
UM
UUM
ERUM

MEMORISE:
AE-AE-AS-IS-ARUM ( I 'AS 'IS ARM I.E. "I HAVE HIS ARM")
I-I-OS-IS-ORUM ( EE -OS-'IS-ORM I.E. "HE HAS HIS ARM")
ES-IBUS-UM (EASY BOSOM)
US -IBUS -UUM ( USE 'E BOSOM I.E. "USE YE BOSOM")
ES - EBUS -ERUM (EASY BOSERUM)

Note the 'rule of two' the first two declensions have the first two cases the same.
The 'rule of three' - the next three have the first three cases the same.
Neuters always follow the 'rule of three'



ADJECTIVES:

Learn your adjectives in the order Feminine, Masculine, Neuter, NOT masc, fem,neuter, as in all grammar books.

Then, the adjective will follow the order of the declensions, and will give clearer patterns for memorising. Here are the endings for adjectives that are declined like BONUS.

CASE
FEMININE
(follows 1st declension form)
MASCULINE
(follows 2nd declension form)
NEUTER
(follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE
A
US
UM
VOCATIVE
A
E
UM
ACCUSATIVE
AM
UM
UM
ABLATIVE
A
O
O
DATIVE
AE
O
O
GENITIVE
AE
I
I


Note the neuter of the adjective is a neutered masculine. Thus, it follows the form of the masculine, except if has the 'rule of three' for the first three cases. Putting it next to the masculine makes it easier to memorise.

CASE
FEMININE plural
(follows 1st declension form)
MASCULINE plural
(follows 2nd declension form)
NEUTER plural
(follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE
AE
I
A
VOCATIVE
AE
I
A
ACCUSATIVE
AS
OS
A
ABLATIVE
IS
IS
IS
DATIVE
IS
IS
IS
GENITIVE
ARUM
ORUM
ORUM



A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO FIRST DECLENSION FEMININE SINGULAR. THERE IS SOME IRREGULARITY, BUT EVEN HERE THERE ARE PATTERNS.
CASE
FEMININE SING









NOMINATIVE
HAEC
MUSA
BONA
MEA
ILLA
IPSA
ISTA
EA


VOCATIVE
O
MUSA
BONA
MEA






ACCUSATIVE
HANC
MUSAM
BONAM
MEAM
ILLAM
IPSAM
ISTAM
EAM


ABLATIVE
HAC
MUSA
BONA
MEA
ILLA
IPSA
ISTA
EA


DATIVE
HUIC
MUSAE
BONAE
MEAE
ILLI
IPSI
ISTI
EI


GENITIVE
HUJUS
MUSAE
BONAE
MEAE
ILLIUS
IPSIUS
ISTIUS
EJUS





A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO FIRST DECLENSION FEMININE PLURAL. NOTE THE REGULARILY OF THE FORMS. MASCULINE PLURAL FORMS ALSO SHOW REGULARITY.
CASE
FEM.
PLURAL









NOMINATIVE
HAE
MUSAE
BONAE
MEAE
ILLAE
IPSAE
ISTAE
EAE
QUAE
NOSTRAE
VOCATIVE

MUSAE
BONAE
MEAE





NOSTRAE
ACCUSATIVE
HAS
MUSAS
BONAS
MEAS
ILLAS
IPSAS
ISTAS
EAS
QUAS
NOSTRAS
ABLATIVE
HIS
MUSIS
BONIS
MEIS
ILLIS
IPSIS
ISTIS
EIS
QUEIS
NOSTRIS
DATIVE
HIS
MUSIS
BONIS
MEIS
ILLIS
IPSIS
ISTIS
EIS
QUEIS
NOSTRIS
GENITIVE
HARUM
MUSARUM
BONARUM
MEARUM
ILLARUM
IPSARUM
ISTARUM
EARUM
QUARUM
NOSTRARUM



A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO SECOND DECLENSION MASCULINE SINGULAR. THERE IS SOME IRREGULARITY, BUT EVEN HERE THERE ARE PATTERNS.
CASE
MASC
SING.








NOMINATIVE
HIC
DOMINUS
BONUS
MEUS
ILLE
IPSE
IS
QUIS

VOCATIVE
O
DOMINE
BONE
MI





ACCUSATIVE
HUNC
DOMINUM
BONUM
MEUM
ILLUM
IPSUM
EUM
QUEM

ABLATIVE
HOC
DOMINO
BONO
MEO
ILLO
IPSO
EO
QUO

DATIVE
HUIC
DOMINO
BONO
MEO
ILLI
IPSI
EI
CUI

GENITIVE
HUJUS
DOMINI
BONI
MEI
ILLIUS
IPSIUS
EJUS
CUJUS





A COMPARATIVE TABLE SHOWING FORMS COMPARED TO SECOND DECLENSION MASCULINE PLURAL. NOTE THE REGULARILY OF THE FORMS. FEMININE PLURAL FORMS ALSO SHOW REGULARITY.
CASE
MASC
PLURAL








NOMINATIVE
HI
DOMINI
BONI
MEI
ILLI
IPSI
ISTI
II QUI
VOCATIVE
O
DOMINI
BONI
MEI





ACCUSATIVE
HOS
DOMINOS
BONOS
MEOS
ILLOS
IPSOS
ISTOS
EOS
QUOS
ABLATIVE
HIS
DOMINIS
BONIS
MEIS
ILLIS
IPSIS
ISTIS
EIS
QUEIS [quibus]
DATIVE
HIS
DOMINIS
BONIS
MEIS
ILLIS
IPSIS
ISTIS
EIS
QUEIS [quibus]
GENITIVE
HORUM
DOMINORUM
BONORUM
MEORUM
ILLORUM
IPSORUM
ISTORUM
EORUM
QUORUM





MORE PATTERNS IN ADJECTIVES (in the singular)

OBSERVE: ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE BONUS, USE THE ACCUSATIVE ENDING FOR THE FIRST THREE CASES OF THE NEUTER IN THE SINGULAR.

CASE
FEMININE
(follows 1st declension form)
MASCULINE
(follows 2nd declension form)
NEUTER
(follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE
A
US
UM
VOCATIVE
A
E
UM
ACCUSATIVE
AM
UM
UM
ABLATIVE
A
O
O
DATIVE
AE
O
O
GENITIVE
AE
I
I



OBSERVE: ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE PULCHER FORM THEIR SINGULARS AS FOLLOWS: NEUTER ENDING IS THE SAME AS THE MASC. ACCUSATIVE ENDING. Note - the exception (marked in red) is in the name of the adjective, so is easy to remember.

CASE
FEMININE
(roughly follows 1st declension form)
MASCULINE
(roughly follows 2nd declension form)
NEUTER
(follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE
RA
ER
UM
VOCATIVE
RA
ER
UM
ACCUSATIVE
AM
UM
UM
ABLATIVE
A
O
O
DATIVE
AE
O
O
GENITIVE
AE
I
I




OBSERVE: ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE TURPIS FORM THEIR SINGULARS AS FOLLOWS: FEMININE AND MASCULINE ARE THE SAME, THE NEUTER REMAINS AS A NEUTER OF THE MASCULINE (& FEM. ). NOTE THE SIMILARITY OF THE NEUTER ENDINGS TO THE ACCUSATIVE ENDING.

CASE
FEMININE
(roughly follows 3ND declension form)
MASCULINE
(roughly follows 3ND declension form)
NEUTER
(follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE
IS
IS E
VOCATIVE
IS
IS E
ACCUSATIVE
EM
EM E
ABLATIVE
I
I I
DATIVE
I
I I
GENITIVE
IS
IS IS





OBSERVE: ADJECTIVES THAT ARE LIKE ACER ( SIMILAR TO TURPIS ABOVE) FORM THEIR SINGULARS AS FOLLOWS: NOTE THE SIMILARITY OF THE NEUTER ENDING TO THE ACCUSATIVE ENDINGS. Note, the exception (marked in red) is in the name of the adjective, making it easier to recall.

CASE
FEMININE
(roughly follows 3RD declension form)
MASCULINE
(roughly follows 3RD declension form)
NEUTER
(follows masculine)
NOMINATIVE
IS
ER [IS]
E
VOCATIVE
IS
ER [IS]
E
ACCUSATIVE
EM
EM
E
ABLATIVE
I
I
I
DATIVE
I
I
I
GENITIVE
IS
IS
IS

Latinum Journal

Did the Romans Sing their Poetry Greek Style?